The aim of this study was to show the influence of cognitive impairment and dementia on oral health and on the utilization of dental services. A cross-sectional analyzation of data of the OrBiD (Oral Health, Bite Force and Dementia) pilot study was conducted. 137 subjects were stratified into five dementia groups on the basis of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (1—no dementia (MMSE 28–30), 2—mild cognitive impairment (MMSE 25–27), 3—mild dementia (MMSE 18–24), 4—moderate dementia (MMSE 10–17), and 5—severe dementia (MMSE < 10)). Information on the utilization of dental services and oral health parameters (DMFT index, degree of restoration, Periodontal Screening Index, Bleeding on Probing, Oral Hygiene Index, Denture Hygiene Index) were collected. An increase in dementia resulted in significant reduction in utilization. Moreover, with increasing cognitive impairment/dementia there was a significant difference in the number of teeth that were decayed, but not in the number of filled or missing teeth or the DMF/T index itself. With increasing dementia, the degree of restoration decreased and oral/denture hygiene deteriorated significantly. Nevertheless, periodontal therapy was required for all subjects independent of their degree of dementia while bleeding on probing was increasing with increasing dementia. An influence of cognitive impairment and dementia on oral health and on the utilization of dental services was shown. However, no conclusions about the influence of the utilization behavior of people with dementia on oral health parameters can be drawn. Further longitudinal studies are needed. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03775772. Registered 14th December 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03775772 .

中文翻译：

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认知障碍和痴呆对口腔健康和牙科服务利用的影响

本研究的目的是展示认知障碍和痴呆症对口腔健康和牙科服务利用的影响。对 OrBiD（口腔健康、咬合力和痴呆症）试点研究的数据进行了横断面分析。根据简易精神状态检查（MMSE）将 137 名受试者分为五个痴呆组（1-无痴呆（MMSE 28-30），2-轻度认知障碍（MMSE 25-27），3-轻度痴呆（MMSE） 18-24)，4-中度痴呆 (MMSE 10-17)，和 5-重度痴呆 (MMSE < 10))。收集了有关牙科服务使用情况和口腔健康参数（DMFT 指数、修复程度、牙周筛查指数、探诊出血、口腔卫生指数、假牙卫生指数）的信息。痴呆症的增加导致利用率显着降低。而且，随着认知障碍/痴呆症的增加，腐烂的牙齿数量存在显着差异，但填充或缺失的牙齿数量或 DMF/T 指数本身没有显着差异。随着痴呆症的增加，修复程度下降，口腔/义齿卫生显着恶化。尽管如此，所有受试者都需要进行牙周治疗，而与其痴呆程度无关，而探诊出血随着痴呆程度的增加而增加。显示了认知障碍和痴呆对口腔健康和牙科服务利用的影响。然而，无法得出关于痴呆症患者的利用行为对口腔健康参数的影响的结论。需要进一步的纵向研究。试验注册 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03775772。