Exposure to stigma and stereotype threat is detrimental for numerous marginalized groups. Research has demonstrated that individuals with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are vulnerable to stigmatization. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the studies investigating associations between SLD-related stigma and stereotype threat and psychological and academic outcomes in individuals with SLDs, as well as examine the overall effect size of these associations across studies. A total of 16 studies met inclusion criteria—12 studies (52 effect sizes) examined SLD stigma with psychological adjustment or academic outcomes, and six studies (eight effect sizes) examined SLD stereotype threat. Greater SLD stigma scores had a medium-sized and significant correlation with less self-esteem across nine effect sizes (r = −.39, p = .002). Other outcomes were not powered enough for meta-analyses, although studies generally showed that greater SLD stigma and stereotype threat was related to less optimal psychological adjustment. These results suggest that these negative experiences be a target of intervention and support efforts for individuals with SLDs. The associations between SLD stigma and stereotype threat and academic performance outcomes were comparatively more heterogeneous and less robust. These findings highlight the need for more research on SLD-related stigma and stereotype threat.

遭受耻辱和刻板印象威胁对许多边缘化群体来说是有害的。研究表明，患有特定学习障碍（SLD）的人很容易受到污名化。本系统综述的目的是总结调查 SLD 相关耻辱与刻板印象威胁以及 SLD 个体心理和学业成果之间关联的研究，并检查这些关联在不同研究中的总体效应大小。共有 16 项研究符合纳入标准——12 项研究（52 种效应大小）研究了 SLD 耻辱与心理调整或学业成绩的关系，6 项研究（8 种效应大小）研究了 SLD 刻板印象的威胁。在九种效应大小中，较高的 SLD 耻辱感得分与较低的自尊感具有中等程度的显着相关性（r = −.39，p = .002)。尽管研究普遍表明，较大的 SLD 耻辱和刻板印象威胁与不太理想的心理调整有关，但其他结果的力度不足以进行荟萃分析。这些结果表明，这些负面经历可以成为针对 SLD 患者的干预和支持工作的目标。SLD 耻辱和刻板印象威胁与学业成绩之间的关联相对更加异质且不那么牢固。这些发现强调需要对与 SLD 相关的耻辱和刻板印象威胁进行更多研究。