The diffusion of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks (FC-HDTs) has the potential to transform the logistics sector, making it more sustainable. However, in-depth studies of this technology remain scarce. The fundamental industry transition affects several stakeholders, from vehicle manufacturers and hydrogen suppliers to end-user logistics firms and policymakers/associations. The creation of enabling conditions and the reduction of barriers must be ensured for a successful adoption. In this study, which applies socio-technical transition theory and the multi-level perspective approach, expert interviews were conducted. The objective of the study is to investigate what factors influence the adaptation of FC-HDTs and what stakeholders expect from each other to leverage these factors. The results and discussion lead to the presentation of the development and diffusion framework of FC-HDTs. This study shows that the elimination of infrastructure barriers is particularly important. Furthermore, to accelerate the transition of FC-HDTs from a niche innovation to a dominant technology there is a need for greater industry-government collaboration. Here, also more efforts must be made to ensure that the technology meets the requirements of logistics firms.

燃料电池重型卡车 (FC-HDT) 的普及有可能改变物流行业，使其更具可持续性。然而，对这项技术的深入研究仍然很少。基本的行业转型影响到几个利益相关者，从汽车制造商和氢气供应商到最终用户物流公司和政策制定者/协会。必须确保为成功采用创造有利条件并减少障碍。在这项应用社会技术转型理论和多层次视角方法的研究中，进行了专家访谈。该研究的目的是调查哪些因素会影响 FC-HDT 的适应以及利益相关者对彼此利用这些因素的期望。结果和讨论导致了 FC-HDT 的开发和传播框架的介绍。这项研究表明，消除基础设施障碍尤为重要。此外，为了加速 FC-HDT 从利基创新向主导技术的转变，需要加强行业与政府的合作。在这方面，还必须做出更多努力，以确保该技术满足物流公司的要求。