The first detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Germany was reported in early February 2020. In addition, extensive control measures on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been placed in Germany since March 2020. These include contact and travel restrictions, distance rules, mandatory wearing of face masks and respirators, cancellation of mass events, closures of day-care centers, schools, restaurants and shops, isolation measures, and intensified infection control measures in medical and long-term care facilities. Changes in demand or access to health care services and intensified control measures can lead to changes in transmission dynamics and imply effects on the overall occurrence of infectious diseases in hospitals. To analyze the impact of infection control measures implemented in public on infectious diseases in hospitals, surveillance data from Marburg University Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The analysis was conducted from January 2019 to June 2021, referred to hospital occupancy and mobility data in the county of Marburg-Biedenkopf, and correlated to control measures in hospitals and the general population. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures immediately impacted the occurrence of infectious diseases at the Marburg University Hospital. Significant changes were detected for virus-associated respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. The massive drop in norovirus infections was significantly affected by the onset of the pandemic (P = 0.028). Similar effects were observed for rotavirus (up to − 89%), respiratory syncytial virus (up to − 98%), and adenovirus infections (up to − 90%). The decrease in gastrointestinal and respiratory virus detection rates was significantly affected by the decline in mobility (P < 0.05). Of note, since April 2020, there have been no detected influenza cases. Furthermore, Clostridioides difficile-related infections declined after late 2020 (− 44%). In contrast, no significant changes were detected in the prevalence of susceptible and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. In particular, the detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates or multidrug resistant (MDR) and extended drug resistant (XDR) bacteria remained constant, although the consumption of hand disinfectants and protective equipment increased. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures had a significant impact on infectious diseases and the detection of pathogens at the Marburg University Hospital. Significant changes were observed for community transmissible infections, while no such effects on pathogens primarily associated with nosocomial transmission could be detected.

中文翻译：

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严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 大流行期间公共卫生和感染控制干预措施对院内病原体流行病学的影响：医院与社区循环病原体

据报道，2020 年 2 月初在德国首次检测到严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)。此外，自 3 月以来，德国已对 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行采取了广泛的控制措施2020 年。这些措施包括接触和旅行限制、距离规则、强制佩戴口罩和呼吸器、取消群众活动、关闭日托中心、学校、餐馆和商店、隔离措施以及加强医疗和长期感染控制措施- 长期护理设施。需求或获得医疗保健服务的变化以及加强的控制措施可能导致传播动态的变化，并对医院传染病的总体发生产生影响。为了分析在公共场所实施的感染控制措施对医院传染病的影响，回顾性分析了马尔堡大学医院的监测数据。该分析于 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 6 月进行，参考了马尔堡-比登科普夫县的医院入住率和流动性数据，并与医院和普通人群的控制措施相关联。COVID-19 大流行和相关措施立即影响了马尔堡大学医院传染病的发生。检测到与病毒相关的呼吸道和胃肠道疾病的显着变化。诺瓦克病毒感染的大幅下降受到大流行开始的显着影响 (P = 0.028)。轮状病毒也观察到类似的效果（高达 − 89%），呼吸道合胞病毒（高达 − 98%）和腺病毒感染（高达 − 90%）。胃肠道和呼吸道病毒检出率的下降受流动性下降的显着影响（P < 0.05）。值得注意的是，自 2020 年 4 月以来，没有发现流感病例。此外，艰难梭菌相关感染在 2020 年底后有所下降（− 44%）。相比之下，未检测到易感和耐药细菌病原体的流行率发生显着变化。特别是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌分离株或多重耐药（MDR）和扩展耐药（XDR）细菌的检出率保持不变，尽管手部消毒剂和防护设备的消耗有所增加。COVID-19 大流行和相关的公共卫生措施对马尔堡大学医院的传染病和病原体检测产生了重大影响。观察到社区传染性感染的显着变化，但未检测到对主要与院内传播相关的病原体的这种影响。