Introduction

Different species of the Baccharis genus (Asteraceae) are used extensively in traditional South American medicine to treat inflammatory conditions, and they are commonly used interchangeably. Among the species used is Baccharis notosergila; however, studies on its biological activities are limited. In this study, the effects of B. notosergila extract and fractions on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of inflammation were evaluated.

Methods

The cytotoxicity of the B. notosergila extract was determined by MTT assay. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and chemokine MCP-1 gene expression were measured by qPCR. Moreover, the production of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and nitric oxide (NO) was measured using ELISA and Griess methods, respectively. A chemical fractioning was performed, and the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity effects of the fractions were tested. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the active fractions was performed.

Results

The extract produced a significant reduction in LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, MCP-1, and sCD14 in THP-1 cells without demonstrating a cytotoxic effect. Additionally, the extract inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated splenocytes. The extract was fractioned, and it was found that ethyl acetate and hexane fractions reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The compounds 5/7-methyl-apigenin, and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction and bacchotricuneatin in the hexane fraction.

Conclusion

This study establishes that the B. notosergila extract and the ethyl acetate and hexane fractions possess significant anti-inflammatory effects. These results support the ethnopharmacological use of B. notosergila as an anti-inflammatory agent and reveals its potential use as a source of anti-inflammatory compounds.

中文翻译：

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Baccharis notosergila 对脂多糖 (LPS) 诱导的炎症的抗炎活性和活性组分及其化学成分的鉴定

介绍

传统的南美医学广泛使用Baccharis属（菊科）的不同种类来治疗炎症，并且它们通常可以互换使用。使用的物种包括Baccharis notosergila；然而，对其生物活性的研究有限。在这项研究中，评估了B. notosergila提取物和组分对脂多糖 (LPS) 诱导的炎症模型的影响。

方法

B. notosergila提取物的细胞毒性通过 MTT 测定法确定。通过 qPCR 测量白细胞介素 (IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α) 和趋化因子 MCP-1 基因表达。此外，分别使用 ELISA 和 Griess 方法测量了可溶性 CD14 (sCD14) 和一氧化氮 (NO) 的产生。进行了化学分级，并测试了级分的抗炎和细胞毒性作用。对活性组分进行 UPLC-ESI-MS/MS 分析。

结果

该提取物显着减少了 THP-1 细胞中 LPS 刺激的促炎介质 IL-6、MCP-1 和 sCD14，而没有表现出细胞毒性作用。此外，提取物抑制 LPS 刺激的脾细胞中的 NO 产生。将提取物分级分离，发现乙酸乙酯和己烷组分降低了促炎细胞因子的表达。在乙酸乙酯馏分中鉴定出化合物 5/7-甲基-芹菜素和咖啡酰奎宁酸衍生物，在己烷馏分中鉴定出 bacchotricuneatin。

结论

本研究证实B. notosergila提取物以及乙酸乙酯和己烷组分具有显着的抗炎作用。这些结果支持B. notosergila作为抗炎剂的民族药理学用途，并揭示其作为抗炎化合物来源的潜在用途。