Numerous synthetic techniques for the fabrication of porous metal electrodes were developed in recent decades. A very promising and facile route is the 3D printing of structures, which can be designed directly on the computer first. However, the current techniques allow structures to be printed with a resolution down to 20 µm, which is still quite rough regarding tuning the pore distribution and diameter of electrode materials for potential applications. For the first time, a laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) process was used to 3D print metal voxels on a solid surface, resulting in a porous electrocatalytically active gold (Au) electrode film. Porous Au electrodes produced using LIFT showed an increase in the electrochemically active surface area (SA) by a factor of four compared with a sputtered dense Au film when characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in Ar-saturated 0.1 M KOH. Therefore, the LIFT process can be considered very promising for the printing of ordered porous electrodes with high surface areas for electrochemical applications.

中文翻译：

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使用 LIFT 获得的有序多孔电极用于电化学应用。

近几十年来，开发了许多用于制造多孔金属电极的合成技术。一个非常有前途和简便的途径是结构的 3D 打印，它可以先在计算机上直接设计。然而，目前的技术允许以低至 20 µm 的分辨率打印结构，这在调整电极材料的孔分布和直径以用于潜在应用方面仍然相当粗糙。首次使用激光诱导正向转移 (LIFT) 工艺在固体表面上 3D 打印金属体素，从而形成多孔电催化活性金 (Au) 电极膜。当在 Ar 饱和的 0.1 M KOH 中使用循环伏安法 (CV) 进行表征时，使用 LIFT 生产的多孔 Au 电极的电化学活性表面积 (SA) 增加了四倍。因此，LIFT 工艺可以被认为非常有希望用于印刷具有高表面积的有序多孔电极，用于电化学应用。