Systems with artificial intelligence components, so-called AI-based systems, have gained considerable attention recently. However, many organizations have issues with achieving production readiness with such systems. As a means to improve certain software quality attributes and to address frequently occurring problems, design patterns represent proven solution blueprints. While new patterns for AI-based systems are emerging, existing patterns have also been adapted to this new context. The goal of this study is to provide an overview of design patterns for AI-based systems, both new and adapted ones. We want to collect and categorize patterns, and make them accessible for researchers and practitioners. To this end, we first performed a multivocal literature review (MLR) to collect design patterns used with AI-based systems. We then integrated the created pattern collection into a web-based pattern repository to make the patterns browsable and easy to find. As a result, we selected 51 resources (35 white and 16 gray ones), from which we extracted 70 unique patterns used for AI-based systems. Among these are 34 new patterns and 36 traditional ones that have been adapted to this context. Popular pattern categories include "architecture" (25 patterns), "deployment" (16), "implementation" (9), or "security & safety" (9). While some patterns with four or more mentions already seem established, the majority of patterns have only been mentioned once or twice (51 patterns). Our results in this emerging field can be used by researchers as a foundation for follow-up studies and by practitioners to discover relevant patterns for informing the design of AI-based systems.

中文翻译：

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基于 AI 的系统的设计模式：多方面的文献回顾和模式库

具有人工智能组件的系统，即所谓的基于人工智能的系统，最近受到了相当大的关注。然而，许多组织在使用此类系统实现生产准备方面存在问题。作为提高某些软件质量属性和解决经常出现的问题的手段，设计模式代表了经过验证的解决方案蓝图。虽然基于 AI 的系统的新模式正在出现，但现有模式也已适应这种新环境。本研究的目的是概述基于 AI 的系统的设计模式，包括新系统和改编系统。我们希望收集和分类模式，并让研究人员和从业者可以访问它们。为此，我们首先进行了多项文献综述 (MLR)，以收集用于基于 AI 的系统的设计模式。然后，我们将创建的模式集合集成到基于 Web 的模式存储库中，使模式可浏览且易于查找。结果，我们选择了 51 种资源（35 种白色资源和 16 种灰色资源），我们从中提取了 70 种用于基于 AI 的系统的独特模式。其中有 34 种新模式和 36 种传统模式已适应这种情况。流行的模式类别包括“架构”（25 种模式）、“部署”(16)、“实施”(9) 或“安全与保障”(9)。虽然一些有四次或更多次提及的模式似乎已经确定，但大多数模式只被提及一次或两次（51 种模式）。