Electrification to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions is essential to mitigate climate change. However, a substantial portion of our manufacturing and transportation infrastructure will be difficult to electrify and/or will continue to use carbon as a key component, including areas in aviation, heavy-duty and marine transportation, and the chemical industry. In this Roadmap, we explore how multidisciplinary approaches will enable us to close the carbon cycle and create a circular economy by defossilizing these difficult-to-electrify areas and those that will continue to need carbon. We discuss two approaches for this: developing carbon alternatives and improving our ability to reuse carbon, enabled by separations. Furthermore, we posit that co-design and use-driven fundamental science are essential to reach aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets.

减少或消除温室气体排放的电气化对于缓解气候变化至关重要。然而，我们的制造和运输基础设施的很大一部分将难以实现电气化和/或将继续使用碳作为关键组成部分，包括航空、重型和海运以及化学工业领域。在本路线图中，我们探讨了如何采用多学科方法，通过对这些难以电气化的地区和那些将继续需要碳的地区进行去石化，来实现碳循环并创建循环经济。我们讨论了两种方法：开发碳替代品和通过分离提高我们再利用碳的能力。此外，我们认为协同设计和使用驱动的基础科学对于实现积极的温室气体减排目标至关重要。