The storage behavior of Li ions in the anode limits the energy density of full cell. Storing entirely as Li ions sacrifices energy density while storing entirely as Li metal shortens cycle life. The hybrid behavior maximizes both energy density and lifespan through good anode candidate and interface engineering. In this work, Li ions storage is tailored in carbon film (CF) as a hybrid Li‐ion/metal to reduce Li metal consumption at low N/P ratios. A series of weakly solvating electrolytes are screened to enhance the Li intercalation ability of the CF anode while inducing highly reversible Li metal plating/stripping. Among them, 1 m LiFSI‐THF‐0.5 wt.%LiNO3 electrolyte achieves a low interfacial energy barrier, allowing the CF anode not only to have the highest intercalation capacity of 236.5 mAh g−1, but also to exhibit excellent cycling stability and high Coulombic efficiency, even at fast charging and low temperature. The NCM811||CF full cell with a low N/P ratio of 0.5 delivers a capacity of 527.3 mAh g−1 at 25 °C, and 381.5 mAh g−1 at −20 °C, achieving energy densities of 312.6 and 223.7 Wh kg−1, respectively. 100 mAh pouch cell can be cycled stably over 500 cycles, with a capacity retention of 83.0%.

中文翻译：

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极端条件下混合锂离子/金属电池的界面化学设计

阳极中锂离子的存储行为限制了全电池的能量密度。完全存储为锂离子会牺牲能量密度，而完全存储为锂金属会缩短循环寿命。通过良好的候选阳极和界面工程，混合行为最大限度地提高了能量密度和使用寿命。在这项工作中，锂离子存储被定制在碳膜（CF）中作为混合锂离子/金属，以减少低N/P比下的锂金属消耗。筛选了一系列弱溶剂化电解质，以增强 CF 负极的锂嵌入能力，同时诱导高度可逆的锂金属沉积/剥离。其中，1米LiFSI-THF-0.5 wt.%LiNO3电解质实现了低界面能垒，使得CF负极不仅具有最高的插层容量236.5 mAh g−1，而且即使在快速充电和低温下也能表现出优异的循环稳定性和高库仑效率。 NCM811||CF全电池具有0.5的低N/P比，容量为527.3 mAh g−125 °C 时，381.5 mAh g−1-20°C 时，能量密度分别为 312.6 和 223.7 Wh kg−1， 分别。 100mAh软包电池可稳定循环超过500次，容量保持率为83.0%。