Salmonella enterica causes severe food-borne infections through contamination of the food supply chain. Its evolution has been associated with human activities, especially animal husbandry. Advances in intensive farming and global transportation have substantially reshaped the pig industry, but their impact on the evolution of associated zoonotic pathogens such as S. enterica remains unresolved. Here we investigated the population fluctuation, accumulation of antimicrobial resistance genes and international serovar Choleraesuis transmission of nine pig-enriched S. enterica populations comprising more than 9,000 genomes. Most changes were found to be attributable to the developments of the modern pig industry. All pig-enriched salmonellae experienced host transfers in pigs and/or population expansions over the past century, with pigs and pork having become the main sources of S. enterica transmissions to other hosts. Overall, our analysis revealed strong associations between the transmission of pig-enriched salmonellae and the global pork trade.

肠道沙门氏菌通过污染食品供应链导致严重的食源性感染。它的进化与人类活动，特别是畜牧业有关。集约化养殖和全球运输的进步极大地重塑了养猪业，但它们对肠沙门氏菌等相关人畜共患病原体进化的影响仍未得到解决。在这里，我们研究了九个猪富集肠沙门氏菌种群（包含 9,000 多个基因组）的种群波动、抗菌素耐药性基因的积累和猪霍乱血清型的国际传播。大多数变化归因于现代养猪业的发展。在过去的一个世纪里，所有富含猪的沙门氏菌都经历了猪体内的宿主转移和/或种群扩张，猪和猪肉已成为肠沙门氏菌向其他宿主传播的主要来源。总体而言，我们的分析揭示了富含生猪的沙门氏菌的传播与全球猪肉贸易之间的密切关联。