Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are desirable nanoparticles for sensing biological analytes due to their photostability and intrinsic near‐infrared fluorescence. Previous strategies for generating SWCNT nanosensors have leveraged nonspecific adsorption of sensing modalities to the hydrophobic SWCNT surface that often require engineering new molecular recognition elements. An attractive alternate strategy is to leverage pre‐existing molecular recognition of proteins for analyte specificity, yet attaching proteins to SWCNT for nanosensor generation remains challenging. Toward this end, a generalizable platform is introduced to generate protein‐SWCNT‐based optical sensors and use this strategy to synthesize a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) nanosensor by covalently attaching horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the SWCNT surface. A concentration‐dependent response is demonstrated to H2O2, confirming the nanosensor can image H2O2 in real‐time, and assess the nanosensor's selectivity for H2O2 against a panel of biologically relevant analytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate successful covalent attachment of enzymes to SWCNTs while preserving both intrinsic SWCNT fluorescence and enzyme function. It is anticipated this platform can be adapted to covalently attach other proteins of interest including other enzymes for sensing or antibodies for targeted imaging and cargo delivery.

中文翻译：

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辣根过氧化物酶与单壁碳纳米管共价连接用于过氧化氢检测


单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）由于其光稳定性和固有的近红外荧光而成为传感生物分析物的理想纳米颗粒。以前生成单壁碳纳米管纳米传感器的策略利用了传感方式对疏水性单壁碳纳米管表面的非特异性吸附，这通常需要设计新的分子识别元件。一种有吸引力的替代策略是利用现有的蛋白质分子识别来实现分析物特异性，但将蛋白质附着到单壁碳纳米管上以生成纳米传感器仍然具有挑战性。为此，引入了一个通用平台来生成基于蛋白质-SWCNT的光学传感器，并使用该策略通过将辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）共价连接到SWCNT表面来合成过氧化氢（H2O2）纳米传感器。证明了对 H2O2 的浓度依赖性响应，证实纳米传感器可以实时成像 H2O2，并根据一组生物相关分析物评估纳米传感器对 H2O2 的选择性。综上所述，这些结果表明酶成功共价连接到单壁碳纳米管上，同时保留了内在的单壁碳纳米管荧光和酶功能。预计该平台可以适应共价连接其他感兴趣的蛋白质，包括用于传感的其他酶或用于靶向成像和货物递送的抗体。