Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) must have both long cycle life and calendar life to be commercially viable. However, “trial and error” methodologies remain prevalent in contemporary research endeavors to identify favorable electrolytes. Here, a guiding principle for the selection of solvents for LMBs is proposed, which aims to achieve high Coulombic efficiency while minimizing the corrosion. For the first time, this study reveals that the dipole moment and orientation of solvent molecules have significant impacts on lithium metal reversibility and corrosion. Solvents with high dipole moments are more likely to adsorb onto lithium metal surfaces, which also influence the solid electrolyte interphase. Using this principle, the use of LiNO₃ is demonstrated as the sole salt in LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂/Li cells can achieve excellent cycling stability. Overall, this work bridges the molecular structure of solvents to the reversibility and corrosion of lithium metal, and these concepts can be extended to other metal-based batteries.

中文翻译：

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偶极矩影响锂金属阳极的可逆性和腐蚀


锂金属电池 (LMB) 必须同时具有长循环寿命和日历寿命才能实现商业可行性。然而，在当代寻找有利电解质的研究中，“试错”方法仍然很普遍。在此，提出了 LMB 溶剂选择的指导原则，旨在实现高库仑效率，同时最大限度地减少腐蚀。这项研究首次揭示了溶剂分子的偶极矩和取向对锂金属的可逆性和腐蚀具有显着影响。具有高偶极矩的溶剂更有可能吸附到锂金属表面，这也会影响固体电解质界面。利用这一原理，证明了 LiNO ₃ 可以作为 LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O ₂ /Li电池可以实现优异的循环稳定性。总的来说，这项工作将溶剂的分子结构与锂金属的可逆性和腐蚀联系起来，并且这些概念可以扩展到其他金属基电池。