The widespread adoption of aqueous Zn ion batteries is hindered by the instability of the Zn anode. Herein, an elegant strategy is proposed to enhance the stability of Zn anode by incorporating nicotinic acid (NA), an additive with a unique molecule‐ion conversion mechanism, to optimize the anode/electrolyte interface and the typical ZnSO4 electrolyte system. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the NA additive preferentially replaces H2O in the original solvation shell and adsorbs onto the Zn anode surface upon conversion from molecule to ion in the electrolyte environment, thereby suppressing side reactions arising from activated H2O decomposition and stochastic growth of Zn dendrites. Simultaneously, such a molecule‐to‐ion conversion mechanism may induce preferential deposition of Zn along the (002) plane. Benefiting from it, the Zn||Zn symmetric battery cycles stably for 2500 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2. More encouragingly, the Zn||AC full batteries and the Zn||AC full batteries using NA electrolyte and Zn||VO2 full batteries also exhibit excellent performance improvements. This work emphasizes the role of variation in the form of additives (especially weak acid‐based additives) in fine‐tuning the solvation structure and the anode/electrolyte interface, hopefully enhancing the performance of various aqueous metal batteries.

中文翻译：

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通过具有分子-离子转换机制的烟酸电解质添加剂实现无枝晶和无副产物的水系锌离子电池负极


锌负极的不稳定性阻碍了水系锌离子电池的广泛采用。在此，提出了一种巧妙的策略，通过掺入烟酸（NA）这种具有独特分子离子转换机制的添加剂来增强锌阳极的稳定性，以优化阳极/电解质界面和典型的 ZnSO4 电解质体系。实验表征和理论计算表明，NA添加剂在电解质环境中从分子转化为离子后优先取代原始溶剂化壳中的H2O并吸附到Zn负极表面，从而抑制了活化的H2O分解和Zn随机生长引起的副反应树突。同时，这种分子到离子的转换机制可能会导致Zn沿（002）面优先沉积。受益于此，Zn||Zn对称电池在1 mA cm−2、1 mAh cm−2下稳定循环2500小时。更令人鼓舞的是，Zn||AC全电池以及使用NA电解质的Zn||AC全电池和Zn||VO2全电池也表现出了优异的性能改进。这项工作强调了添加剂（特别是弱酸基添加剂）形式的变化在微调溶剂化结构和阳极/电解质界面中的作用，有望提高各种水性金属电池的性能。